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Willow Bay Willow Bay cemetery cemetery Wikipedia card for the Chinese national heritage conservation units. Willow Bay, 15 kilometers east of the city in Ledu County High miaozhen HuangShuiHe eastern North Shore, away from Xining, Qinghai Province, more than 50 km, the cemetery is located in the village on the slope behind the Mid-white, late primitive society groups cemetery burial, Majiayao Neolithic culture is represented. Willow Bay tomb funerary objects are pottery, ornaments and seashells, etc. Unearthed human face lines and colorful portraits painted pottery jug. The latter in the clay pot surface mount plastic out of a nude portrait, to be painted color, highlighting the characteristics of the Ministry, is a religious significance object of worship. Willow Bay cemetery is China's largest so far excavated a primitive society clan cemetery, its sheer number of funerary objects, cultural connotation of the rich, prehistoric archaeological excavations in the world is extremely rare.

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Introduction Introduction concentrated area type burial tombs Machang type Xindian Qijia culture burial tombs overview summarizes three types of pottery museum excavations commenced Edit this paragraph Introduction

 

Liu Wan cemetery exploration Square (18) is located 17 km east Ledu Liu Wancun area, also known as Yue Du Liu Wan cemetery. A total area of ​​110,000 square meters, is China's largest hitherto known and best preserved of the original community cemeteries. Its findings, the study of Chinese history of primitive society, especially Gansu and Qinghai material cultural history of primitive society has an important academic significance. Eastern Qinghai, a famous river - HuangShuiHe, which length of nearly 300 km, is the mother of Qinghai. HuangShui originated in the south of the Qilian Mountain Ridge Gar Tibet, Qinghai Lake since the northeastern coast of Haiyan County eastward, after Huang Yuan, Huang in Xining, mutual aid, peace, Ledu, people and, in Gansu Province, Lanzhou City Red the ancient town of the Yellow River area Dalcheon. Millions of years, the river on both sides piled up vast fertile fertile soil, gave birth to the splendid ancient culture in Qinghai, diligent and intelligent HuangShui children with their hands to create a variety of ancient material. Along the river, Neolithic, Bronze Age relics clouds, Han and Tang city listed, Ming and Qing temple Zuozuo. The famous Qinghai Liu Wan cemetery, took the fall on the north shore of Liu Wancun HuangShui Ledu territory. [1] Edit this paragraph in accordance with the type of primitive society cemetery types of tombs of different cultures can be divided into Levels Majiayao culture, regulating the family culture and Xindian culture types, of which the main types of horse home.

 

cemetery in Ledu Liu Wancun HuangShui North River area, west of the county town of seventeen kilometers Nianbo. Cemetery was one hundred and ten thousand square meters total area. The main harvest excavations discovered primitive society of different cultures fifteen hundred types of tombs, relics of about thirty thousand pieces. Excavated between 1974-1978, has unearthed a variety of cultural type Ancient tombs more than 1,700 seats, a large number of rich-poor divide the tomb, the couple joint burial tomb and human sacrifice, including the Mid-type Majiayao culture, Machang type, regulating the family culture and Xindian culture. Funerary objects inside tombs varied, both stone axes, adzes, chisels, knives and other tools of production, in the shape or decorative methods and different characteristics, especially in the most prominent ceramic container. Such as Mid-type is mainly pottery pots, pottery bowls, Machang type of pottery, painted pottery pot with the shape to a large pottery urns mainly pottery Qijia increase in species, in addition to the previously common pottery bowl, with pottery Pot endures, but also there have been many new unique shape of the objects, such as walls with two ears An Fola cans, abdominal wall with folded edges turtleneck amphora, etc. In short, whether from Willow Bay cemetery cemetery scale, or the rich material from the soil, are rare in the past. Yielded more than a wooden coffin, burial both single and buried, there are more than two people buried. Generally funerary objects, both stone ax, adze, chisels,nike cleats, knives and other tools of production, there are a variety of life earthenware utensils. Ma various types of pottery, painted pottery pot with the shape to a large pottery urns based. Pottery is mainly frog pattern with floral patterns and other geometric circle pattern, and also appeared in human form naked human face shape and floating plastic gourd-shaped earthenware pots, and color pottery, etc., as in the past are rare. These artifacts unearthed for the study of the late primitive society development in Qinghai and its cultural and historical links with the Central Plains culture provides a substantial in-kind research data. Liu Wanwen built near the cemetery of the showroom for visitors to visit. The cemetery burial tomb burial special. Mid-type burial tomb in which people, mostly the upper and lower layers together, do not place any isolation between people, was buried men and women, old and young, age greater disparity seems intergenerational buried together. Machang type of joint burial, mostly buried side by side, there are adult men and women buried, there are also adults and children buried. Qijia culture pantheon are mostly buried side by side, but the men and women and the different burial ceremony: male multi his back straight limbs, woman mostly sideways or leant bent limbs, like husband and wife joint burial. The cemetery burial tombs generally, and the amount varies. Only twenty-three early and late up to nearly a hundred pieces, reflecting the late primitive society has rich and poor. Both its funerary stone axes, adzes, chisels, knives and other tools of production, there are a variety of life earthenware utensils. There Mid-shaped pottery urns, regulating the family culture pottery bowl, ceramic pots, clay pots, amphora, single ear cans. Here unearthed human face shape and naked humanoid floating plastic pottery jug and gourd-shaped colored pottery, unique shape, Shimin rare. Edit this paragraph burial Profile

 

Liu Wan cemetery (2) in Ledu County High miaozhen Liu Wancun. Liu Wancun south of the Huang River water, according to the North Bay Ping Liu, long in the shop east of the village, west high miaozhen. Lan Qing railway from the south of the village passed, the village has north-south creek Shagou. Cemetery is located in the Willow Bay aerodromes, is HuangShui North Shore second plateau, about 80 meters above the river warm water, its scope Shagou west, east to Willow Bay into Shanda, Willow Bay north to the top floor, south of Grand Canyon branch , around the cemetery drainage network, such as weaving, criss, is a more open farmland. Entire cemetery north to south, east-west mesa surrounded Individually were dustpan, a total area of ​​something 450 meters north-south 250 meters. Spring of 1974, farmers in the mountain water, flat land reclamation, construction of drains were found. Excavations began in July the same year, continued until 1978, after five years, by the Archaeological Team of Qinghai Province Cultural Relics Management Office and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology, Xie Zhao Shengchen end jade any leader. Tombs were excavated clean 1500, which Majiayao culture Mid type tombs 257, 872 Machang type tombs, tombs 367 Qijia culture, Xindian culture burials 5. Unearthed various production tools, appliances and decorations and other artifacts three thousand pieces. In the discovery process, has participated in the excavations of the archaeological team has Qinghai Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Archaeology, Archaeology Department of History, Department of History, Archaeology, Northwest University, Gansu Provincial Museum Heritage Task Force and other units. Concentrated area Majiayao culture concentrated in the Eastern Mid-type tombs first floor. Tombs are mostly rectangular pit tomb, a small part of one big one small trapezoidal pit tombs. Compare neatly arranged graves, tombs, mostly to the north and south, east to west is only 31. Tombs of various sizes, the smallest length 100 cm, width 37 cm, length 390 cm approximately, width 166 cm. Widespread use of wooden coffin burial. Wooden coffin of hanging head type and trapezoidal two kinds, mostly with pine as the material, corners worn tenon using combined commissure are more closely. There are single funeral burial ceremony, multiplayer funeral, people buried by a 2-7 person's number. People with back straight rack placed sideways straight limbs, bent and secondary burial, burial tomb of the human frame and the upper and lower layers with coffin burial ceremony, burial children and adults the same. Funerary objects have production tools, supplies and decorations. Production tools such as stone axes, stone scales, stone chisel, knock smashing device, stone balls, stone spinning wheel and bone cone, knives, arrowheads. Daily necessities mainly pottery types are pots, jars, pots, bowls, cups and so on. There are stone beaded ornaments, different shapes of turquoise and bone tablets. Furthermore cards still traces of bark to make arrows. The disparity between the number of funerary objects small group, mostly twelve, funerary objects and more people stand head placed on or near the bottom of the foot. Machang type tombs Majiayao culture Machang type tombs, mainly located in the middle of the cemetery and the Eastern, Western North. A rectangular pit tombs more, followed by a convex-shaped tomb with a ramp. Tomb to multiple north-south, east-west less. Burials are arranged according to the natural terrain, depending on uneven. Tombs of various sizes, small length of less than 150 cm, length 400 cm above the larger, mostly in the 200-250 cm, is generally rectangular pit tomb is small, convex-shaped tomb with a large ramp, convex-shaped tomb in between the ramp and the tomb multi rows of wooden or wood closed. More use of wooden coffin burial tombs, wooden coffin with hanging head type, rectangular and canoe-type three: hanging head style wooden coffin basic types of this wooden coffin with the Mid-identical rectangular wooden coffin use tenon joint structure, some still wood Tap 2-3 Road coffin bottom cover wear tenon sockets equidistant wood reinforcement; canoe-shaped wooden coffin shaped like canoe, with the log cabin intermediate Zaokong into shape, slightly flattened at the bottom. There are single funeral burial ceremony, people buried, buried more than 2-6 people ranging from two-person buried majority. People with back straight rack placed, bent limbs, secondary burial, etc. Funerary objects of production tools, appliances and decorations three categories. Production tools have stone knives, axes, chisels, grinders, sickle, ball, stone leaves, pottery spinning wheels, ball, bone cone, needle, chisel, as well as individual horn ax, dental system knives. Daily necessities mainly pottery, a pot Frisbee, bowls, beans, cans, cups, urns, etc., faience majority. There beaded ornaments, arm ornaments, shells, seashells, stone shell, bone chips, turquoise. Burial place of production tools and more people stand beside the arms or waist, pottery coffin most Chan on both sides or on the coffin and the coffin at the front and rear. Burial in large disparity in the amount of funerary objects, and less by only 1-2 pieces, usually 20-30 pieces, some 40-50 pieces, up by up to 95. Qijia culture Qijia culture burial tombs in the cemetery mainly western plateau. Burial arrangement with the natural terrain, mostly northwest to the tomb. A rectangular burial pits and convex-shaped tomb with two kinds of ramps. Size hanging beads, small 1 meter long, and the larger of up to 3 meters. Most have wooden coffin burial, a rectangular wooden coffin coffin and independence are two separate use pad. Rectangular wooden coffin use tenon joint structure, some in the coffin attached outside the framework of reinforcement, Department of roundwood alone dug into the coffin. There are single funeral burial ceremony and buried, who placed a back straight frame, bent, broken limbs, and other secondary burial. Children and adults tomb tomb without distinction. Production tools funerary stone axes, adzes, chisels, knives, spears, balls, spinning wheels, bone cone, needles, arrowheads, pottery spinning wheel. Pottery pots, pots, urns, beans, high, cups and other ornaments of various shapes turquoise stone beads, bone beads, seashells,nike soccer boots 2013, stone walls, arm ornaments and so on. In addition still unearthed a stone chime. Varying the amount of funerary objects, there are differences in quality of the merits, at least by only one, at most, 20 pieces, with 2-9 pieces more common, funerary objects multi Chen on the side of the tomb. Xindian Xindian Culture Culture tombs tombs, all in northern hilltop cemetery, burial most circular pit tomb. Burial ceremony with back straight and secondary burial, funerary objects, mainly pottery, stoneware only chipped stone 5, pottery is sand pottery, amphora and a double belly ear cans. Review

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Liu is China's Yellow River Bay cemetery known so far the largest and well preserved and scientifically excavated a clan cemetery. Cemetery duration is very long, from the Mid-type Majiayao culture to Qijia culture has undergone about 600 years. Plus Xindian culture period of about 1,000 years old. Quantity tombs unearthed relics rich, Gansu and Qinghai regions and the study of primitive culture connotation, sequences and their mutual relations on the prevailing form of society, economic life and burial customs and other issues are discussed to provide a lot of kind of information. Observation data from the cemetery excavation, Mid-type Majiayao culture period, Willow Bay, people use stone tools plowing farming, harvesting knives and live life more primitive agricultural economy, but in the production development, textiles and ceramics not only the division of labor, and relatively prosperous, their spinning wheels have unearthed hundreds of pieces. Whether sand pottery pottery and clay pottery, producing well-proportioned, the furnace is higher. The most distinctive is pottery, painted pottery patterns are painted on pottery kiln before the embryo, patterns in black, red and white zigzag pattern composed mainly of a variety of geometric patterns, structured, colorful, showing pottery art reached a considerable level. Mid-type during the burial tomb in many still fail to see how the large gender differences in the number of funerary objects no major disparity between men and women at that time showed an equal footing, clan members to blood as a link, still In order to matriarchal clan commune as the center stage. Machang type of period, tombs unearthed more production tools and millet grain, and a wide-blade knife sickle, indicating that the period over Mid-type agricultural economy made progress. Tombs unearthed pottery species complex and diverse, surprising number, as many as thousand pieces. Thus we can imagine the scale of the pottery industry is quite large. Machang type of pottery and ceramics Mid-type comparison, modeling tends dignified, pottery complex pattern of harassment. Also found in pottery utensils about 139 kinds of different shapes of symbols, common with "+", ".", Etc. Some of these symbols and words that are related to the source, it was considered a sign of potters, etc., in short, they should represent certain objective meaning of things. Three types of summary Machang type late pottery began to tend to decline, the shape is not regular, patterns also show a scribbled. Machang type tombs funerary objects greater disparity of wealth inequality shows appear. Many burial tombs ax men, mirror, chisels, knives and other agricultural tools, women are much more burial tombs spinning wheel, men and women buried in the base case is also true that men in economic life has been a dominant position, clan society Patriarchy began to transition. In marriage patterns are also started by pairing marriage to monogamy transition.

Liu Wan cemetery

Qijia cultural artifacts unearthed tombs, whether it is production tools, supplies, and accessories, all types over the period Machang progress. Qijia culture more choice than a hard stone jade stone, most finely polished, extremely fine machining. Pottery clay panning demanding to start using the slow wheel dressing, regular shape, angular, high-fired furnace, hard texture. Qijia culture period tombs and funerary objects in the shape reflects the uneven distribution of wealth and other aspects of differences, the couple were buried in tombs more that is monogamous family system. In addition, 314 tombs, the coffin male and female in the coffin outside the lower right leg bent sideways for men, 952 Department of amputation burial tomb by bundling similar shape, the base 979 is five people buried, the man lying on the wood alone, the The remaining four remaining skulls were placed in the coffin, with the sacrificial nature, showing the epitome of class oppression. At this point the social organization of internal inequality, gender inequality, may have entered the patriarchal stage a military democracy. Tombs near Xindian Xindian Culture Culture Kyi River type, there are also considered close to Mountain Home head type. Willow Bay cemetery is our ancestors a precious heritage. Qinghai Province Department of Culture established a heritage station here, it is the Chinese ancient culture pottery ownership of various ranks first collection, the place has a research and exhibition rooms for sightseeing. Edit this section to explore the spring of 1974, the eastern Qinghai agricultural areas found an ancient cultural sites, this is the famous music all Willow Bay primitive clan cemetery. Qinghai Archaeological Heritage Management Team, Qinghai Institute of Archaeology excavation team after six consecutive years later, more than 1,700 seats clean tombs, unearthed more than 35,000 pieces of precious cultural relics, including pottery vessels of various shapes as much as 15,000, really a colorful color Taowang Guo.

pottery

Willow Bay Cemetery in Ledu County High miaozhen two kilometers east of Liu Wancun. North of the village there is an east-west drought Taiwan, clan cemetery here. Liu Wan cemetery at archaeological culture stage, respectively Mid Majiayao culture, Machang type and Qijia culture, belonging to the Neolithic. Machang type culture because in 1924 first discovered in Qinghai Plateau plant named after people and horses, are widely distributed in western Gansu and Qinghai Hehuang region, about 4,000 years ago. Willow Bay unearthed pottery vessel, the most abundant type in Machang, precious, the number of the public, the beauty of shapes and patterns of harassment to other ancient cultures of the crown. Pottery is the daily life of our ancestors utensils, pottery gracefully to the shape and beautiful floral blend, is itself a work of art is not only a sign of advanced ceramic technology, it is the people of ancient wisdom to create crystals. Painted surfaces as orange or purple, and black geometric pattern lines or animal shaped pattern, more bright beautiful. The shapes are painted pottery pots, pots, jars, urns, beans, bowls, seem innovative and diverse.

pottery

Liu Wan cemetery excavated tomb 1,000 Machang type seats, 60% of the total burials, due before the tomb of life different from the identity and ownership of property, burial tomb size and the number of different pottery can generally be divided into large, medium and small three types. Small tomb funerary pottery more than 10 pieces, up to only 30 pieces, Medium tomb burial is then up to five sixty or so, more than 70 pieces can be described as a large tomb. Excavated tomb No. 564, the tomb is about 5 meters wide and three meters deep all around the tomb of the man over 40 years old male, this tomb funerary artifacts quite a lot, in addition to knives, axes, stone chisels and a green turquoise decorations outside, there are 91 pottery only as much as these pottery, painted pottery and dominant. Liu Wan cemetery Machang pottery not only in the number and pattern known, but part of the painted pottery pot belly portion, painted with various symbols. These symbols are pottery maker's mark, or on behalf of the clan's emblem for the content of these discussions will study color Taowang Guo adding new issues. Edit this paragraph pottery museum Qinghai Liu Wan pottery museum is located in the county of Qinghai high miaozhen Liu Wancun musicians,

pottery museum

is China's largest division-level thematic pottery museum. Total area of ​​5845 square meters, the exhibition area of ​​1,500 square meters. Nearly more than 40,000 pieces of cultural relics, of which nearly 20,000 pieces of pottery for the Chinese domestic rare, reflecting the Neolithic to the Bronze Age pottery Qinghai space prosperous culture, its beautiful shape, fantastic decoration, large scale,CR7 Soccer shoes, it is to make the world view, is unmatched in China, it is the world's attention, demonstrating the heyday of Chinese pottery culture style, is the study of prehistoric culture Gansu and Qinghai important place, but also understand the history and culture of Qinghai, appreciate ancient human Civilization necessary place. Xining, Qinghai province from the museum about 78 km, highway, State Road 109, Lu large double track from walk through. There are farm flavor nearest public, Muslim tea. Travelers from Xining to music all directions and then transfer gaomiao

 

pottery museum Appearance (20) Museum signpost along the front line that is shown to. Museum exhibitions open all year round, endless holidays Admission: 25 yuan / person, group audience concessions, travelers can choose instructors to explain, visit takes about 1-1.5 hours, the museum also sells distinctive pottery handicrafts with Qinghai and Qinghai, history and culture aspects of the books for tourists to buy Appreciation.